In this study, a rail of a linear axis testbed was intentionally degraded to various levels, affecting the carriage motion, which can be deduced with either an inertial measurement unit (IMU) or a laser-based reference system. The rail was degraded over a 10-cm-long region. Thus, the two trucks that move on the rail interact with this region of the rail, changing the translational and angular error motions of the carriage. To mechanically simulate spalling, a handheld grinder was used to wear the surface of the raceway groove of the rail. The degradation zone length was increased incrementally by about 5.4 mm from its nominal state of no degradation (Stage 1) to its final state of significant degradation with a length of about 75 mm (Stage 15). For each stage of degradation, micrometer measurements were taken of the degradation zone, and IMU and laser-based reference data were also collected. For each stage, fifty (50) runs of IMU data were collected bidirectionally at slow (0.02 m/s), moderate (0.1 m/s), and fast (0.5 m/s) axis speeds over a travel range of 322 mm, following the method described in Vogl et al. (https://www.nist.gov/publications/diagnostics-geometric-performance-machine-tool-linear-axes). The axis position from the motor encoder was also collected simultaneously during each motion of the linear axis. Afterwards, ten (10) runs of laser-based reference data were collected bidirectionally at finite positions of travel, specifically every 1 mm between travel positions 1 mm and 321 mm.