{
  "_schema": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/v0.7#",
  "@context": [
    "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-pub-context.jsonld",
    {
      "@base": "ark:/88434/mds2-2967"
    }
  ],
  "@type": [
    "nrdp:DataPublication",
    "nrdp:PublicDataResource",
    "dcat:Dataset"
  ],
  "_extensionSchemas": [
    "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/PublicDataResource"
  ],
  "@id": "ark:/88434/mds2-2967",
  "ediid": "ark:/88434/mds2-2967",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "doi": "doi:10.18434/mds2-2967",
  "title": "Data for manuscript entitled \"Quantum-limited optical time transfer for future geosynchronous links\"",
  "contactPoint": {
    "fn": "Emily Caldwell",
    "hasEmail": "mailto:emily.caldwell@nist.gov"
  },
  "modified": "2023-03-22",
  "status": "available",
  "landingPage": "https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-2967",
  "description": [
    "Data for the figures in the manuscript entitled \"Quantum-limited optical time transfer for future geosynchronous links\"  first published as a preprint at https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.12541.  Abstract: The combination of optical time transfer and optical clocks opens up the possibility of large-scale free-space networks that connect both ground-based optical clocks and future space-based optical clocks. Such networks promise better tests of general relativity, dark matter searches, and gravitational wave detection. The ability to connect optical clocks to a distant satellite could enable space-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI), advanced satellite navigation, clock-based geodesy, and thousand-fold improvements in intercontinental time dissemination. Thus far, only optical clocks have pushed towards quantum-limited performance. In contrast, optical time transfer has not operated at the analogous quantum limit set by the number of received photons. Here, we demonstrate time transfer with near quantum-limited acquisition and timing at 10,000 times lower received power than previous approaches. Over 300 km between mountaintops in Hawaii with launched powers as low as 40 \u03bcW, distant timescales are synchronized to 320 attoseconds. This nearly quantum-limited operation is critical for long-distance free-space links where photons are few and amplification costly -- at 4.0 mW transmit power, this approach can support 102 dB link loss, more than sufficient for future time transfer to geosynchronous orbits.",
    "Fig2a: Low power acquisition with a time programmable frequency comb",
    "Fig2b: Timing noise versus received power",
    "Fig2c: Time deviations for various received powers",
    "Fig3:  Time deviations and modified Allan deviations",
    "Fig4: Power spectral densities and excess noise as a function of turbulence",
    "Fig5: Multi-parameter comparison of time transfer methods"
  ],
  "keyword": [
    "free space optical time transfer",
    "optical time transfer",
    "clock networks"
  ],
  "topic": [
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Physics: Optical physics"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Metrology: Time and frequency metrology"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Physics: Time and frequency"
    }
  ],
  "accessLevel": "public",
  "license": "https://www.nist.gov/open/license",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
    "@type": "org:Organization"
  },
  "language": [
    "en"
  ],
  "bureauCode": [
    "006:55"
  ],
  "programCode": [
    "006:052"
  ],
  "_editStatus": "done",
  "theme": [
    "Physics: Optical physics",
    "Metrology: Time and frequency metrology",
    "Physics: Time and frequency"
  ],
  "references": [
    {
      "@type": [
        "deo:BibliographicReference"
      ],
      "@id": "#ref:abs/2212.12541",
      "refType": "IsSupplementTo",
      "location": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2212.12541",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/bib/v0.7#/definitions/DCiteReference"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "components": [
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2b.mat",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2b.mat",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig2b.mat",
      "mediaType": "application/x-matlab-data",
      "size": 1147,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "0d83f1aa15f5d918c1a700fff0300a1e0a9fcddd7e6ddf5d2b76f0ada36e74ef",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2c.mat",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2c.mat",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig2c.mat",
      "mediaType": "application/x-matlab-data",
      "size": 1909,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "e6c9360a691e8b6927bb1d9e323b138d5884ef17cac66a5b107f4cc2f21f331c",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2b.mat.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2b.mat.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig2b.mat.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/Fig2b.mat",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for Fig2b.mat",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "075705da872b04c623b21b18c72ac5063b64853c8f7443797f2d1e4ca5794e1d",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2a.mat",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2a.mat",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig2a.mat",
      "mediaType": "application/x-matlab-data",
      "size": 6875203,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "c73a7088985427b4a14b2bcaf7df54f7a92bdf69b069b2b7c9467bff295cb7db",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2c.mat.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2c.mat.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig2c.mat.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/Fig2c.mat",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for Fig2c.mat",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "49faaaaf0c9fc2d3e707834525d1841204bf0ca88e0b8f02f8546705675e5552",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig5.mat.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig5.mat.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig5.mat.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/Fig5.mat",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for Fig5.mat",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "697d60b18b3accfaa1962d88b19396ef9e562e7f162a71553f7d0fa50eb9c131",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig4.mat.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig4.mat.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig4.mat.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/Fig4.mat",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for Fig4.mat",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "b9882362ae74b0b61d416ae25c68e7948bc8c495cebc2867353d2b9a0b3dd7aa",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/README.txt.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "README.txt.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/README.txt.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/README.txt",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for README.txt",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "968cda0478e1d769ba8fe617e6deec59da4ec129b636476ac5110747e14b8cbb",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/README.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "README.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/README.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 11702,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "3f0c6f1c451397f648591eae0899cdd53924851301a4c76617dbaa2e14a2f678",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig3.mat",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig3.mat",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig3.mat",
      "mediaType": "application/x-matlab-data",
      "size": 538787,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "48c6353f2f86f0f806c73962bac2be2a51963fd2a79659c4727edaaf6324d47d",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig4.mat",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig4.mat",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig4.mat",
      "mediaType": "application/x-matlab-data",
      "size": 14885981,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "b8f4de353c6113ad3a14f39079bc991d86c67f2ba5675f34cbc3cbc6a19798a6",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig5.mat",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig5.mat",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig5.mat",
      "mediaType": "application/x-matlab-data",
      "size": 1723,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "10d97731769fb8b96072bed57c1c78f9dade539765411a894ea537def2eb05ec",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2a.mat.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2a.mat.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig2a.mat.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/Fig2a.mat",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for Fig2a.mat",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "5a9c5917eec9b70ddd7da7521748df4fa54ef10fbb57786b66757b12d9ce4abe",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig3.mat.sha256",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:ChecksumFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig3.mat.sha256",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/ark:/88434/mds2-2967/Fig3.mat.sha256",
      "algorithm": {
        "tag": "sha256",
        "@type": "Thing"
      },
      "describes": "cmps/Fig3.mat",
      "description": "SHA-256 checksum value for Fig3.mat",
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/ChecksumFile"
      ],
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "size": 64,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "870733dcb83746bc4b663b5c71dedbd0445c91c9e8afc7b86d77b870c79672a7",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      },
      "valid": true
    }
  ],
  "authors": [
    {
      "familyName": "Sinclair",
      "fn": "Laura C. Sinclair",
      "givenName": "Laura",
      "middleName": "C.",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0001-6446-6879",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Newbury",
      "fn": "Nathan R. Newbury",
      "givenName": "Nathan",
      "middleName": "R.",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0002-4932-2153",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Caldwell",
      "fn": "Emily D. Caldwell",
      "givenName": "Emily",
      "middleName": "D.",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0001-8226-2773",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    }
  ],
  "annotated": "2023-04-07T19:31:06.423542",
  "revised": "2023-04-07T19:31:06.423542",
  "issued": null,
  "firstIssued": "2023-04-07T19:31:06.423542"
}