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  "title": "Determination of Safe Intervention Windows for 18650 and 21700 Lithium-Ion Batteries from External Heating: Thermocouple Data",
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    "fn": "Wai Cheong Tam",
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    "In all experiments, thermal abuse was initiated using a flexible external heating pad delivering approximately 41 W of constant power. Two cylindrical cell types were examined: (1) 18650 nickel-cobalt-aluminum oxide (NCA) cells with a nominal capacity of 3500 mAh, and (2) 21700 nickel-manganese-cobalt oxide (NMC) cells with a nominal capacity of 5000 mAh.",
    "The unit of time is seconds, and the unit of temperature is degrees Celsius."
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  "annotated": "2026-04-21T15:04:20.745850",
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