{
  "_schema": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/v0.7#",
  "@context": [
    "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-pub-context.jsonld",
    {
      "@base": "ark:/88434/mds2-4078"
    }
  ],
  "@type": [
    "nrdp:DataPublication",
    "nrdp:PublicDataResource",
    "dcat:Dataset"
  ],
  "_extensionSchemas": [
    "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/PublicDataResource"
  ],
  "@id": "ark:/88434/mds2-4078",
  "ediid": "ark:/88434/mds2-4078",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "doi": "doi:10.18434/mds2-4078",
  "title": "Traceable Validation of Calculable Quantum-Based RF Waveforms",
  "contactPoint": {
    "fn": "Jeremy Thomas",
    "hasEmail": "mailto:jeremy.thomas@nist.gov"
  },
  "modified": "2026-02-04",
  "status": "available",
  "landingPage": "https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-4078",
  "description": [
    "We compare the calculated, quantum-based output of a radio-frequency Josephson arbitrary waveform synthesizer (RF-JAWS) with its measured output that is calibrated through the established NIST RF power traceability path, a necessary first step towards quantum-based RF metrology. An array of\n1,500 Josephson junctions (JJs) is used to synthesize sinusoids from 50 MHz to 3 GHz, each with a nominal output power of -49.67 dBm and a demonstrated quantum-locking range (QLR) exceeding 1 mA. We perform a two-tier calibration of two-port vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements of the RF-JAWS waveforms with uncertainty analysis: (1) the VNA wave parameters are referenced to a NIST-calibrated coaxial power sensor, and (2) a cryogenic probe station, together with on-chip superconducting calibration standards, establishes an on-chip reference plane at the JJ-array. The calibrated measurement of the forward- and backward-propagating power is compared with the expected, calculated outputs, and, after accounting for high-frequency roll-off, we observe agreement within the expanded (k = 2) uncertainty limits for most frequencies. The data are generated here from the two figures presented in this work. Figure 1 validates the quantum-based generation of all waveforms synthesized in the paper using a dc-bias quantum-locking range. Figure 2 presents the main result of the paper: for all synthesized waveforms, the JAWS-calculated output is compared with the two-tier calibrated VNA measurements, with expanded uncertainties reported for all values."
  ],
  "keyword": [
    "Josephson junctions",
    "microwave measurement",
    "digital-analog conversion",
    "superconducting microwave devices"
  ],
  "theme": [
    "Advanced Communications",
    "Electronics: Superconducting electronics",
    "Metrology: Electrical/electromagnetic metrology"
  ],
  "topic": [
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Advanced Communications"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Electronics: Superconducting electronics"
    },
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Metrology: Electrical/electromagnetic metrology"
    }
  ],
  "accessLevel": "public",
  "license": "https://www.nist.gov/open/license",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
    "@type": "org:Organization"
  },
  "language": [
    "en"
  ],
  "bureauCode": [
    "006:55"
  ],
  "programCode": [
    "006:052"
  ],
  "components": [
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Readme.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Readme.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4078/Readme.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "description": "Readme for the navigation, organization, and content for the data in the figures included in the \"Traceable Validation of Calculable Quantum-Based RF Waveforms\" manuscript.",
      "title": "Readme",
      "size": 4054,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "cc098b623ecb91bf813ceb52c74a1c43c06f704995425e7b29fadd9412760744",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig1_data.csv",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig1_data.csv",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4078/Fig1_data.csv",
      "mediaType": "text/csv",
      "description": "DC-bias QLRs for synthesized JAWS sinusoids. Colormap shows the average PSD of the raw b-waves over a 10 MHz span centered on the fundamental frequency f (y-axis) versus dc bias (x-axis, 0.5 mA step-size). Pulse shapes are set by the AWG, with settings optimized at low frequency and then applied across all frequencies. The PSD drop for f > 2.37 GHz reflects a 100-times longer delta-sigma pattern, not reduced voltage accuracy.",
      "title": "Fig.1: DC-Bias Quantum-Locking Ranges",
      "size": 71330,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "73f588e6a5f1b5068b00e58d5b0e102268bb2d992f51d01ff51fd3e8e562eac5",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/Fig2_data.csv",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "Fig2_data.csv",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4078/Fig2_data.csv",
      "mediaType": "text/csv",
      "description": "Measured |J_meas(f)| (red) and calculated |J_calc(f)| (blue), normalized to |J_calc(0)| = -49.67 plus or minus 0.05 dBm, with shaded k = 2 uncertainty.",
      "title": "Fig.2: JAWS Calculation vs JAWS Measurement",
      "size": 47412,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "570a7a8aa7a868d047fb2e6400c3cedf3d9ff7c4429e0750ea459aeba8dc165a",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "_editStatus": "done",
  "authors": [
    {
      "familyName": "Thomas",
      "fn": "Jeremy Thomas",
      "givenName": "Jeremy",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "subunits": [
            "Communications Technology Division"
          ],
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0002-0455-6028",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Flowers-Jacobs",
      "fn": "Nathan Flowers-Jacobs",
      "givenName": "Nathan",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "subunits": [
            "Communications Technology Division"
          ],
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9081-5187",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Fox",
      "fn": "Anna Fox",
      "givenName": "Anna",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "subunits": [
            "Communications Technology Division"
          ],
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0001-5452-1125",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Hoffmann",
      "fn": "Johannes Hoffmann",
      "givenName": "Johannes",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "Federal Institute of Metrology (METAS)",
          "subunits": [
            "Laboratory for RF and Microwave"
          ],
          "@type": "org:Organization"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0002-2774-7847",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Dresselhaus",
      "fn": "Paul Dresselhaus",
      "givenName": "Paul",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "subunits": [
            "Communications Technology Division"
          ],
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2493-0504",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    }
  ],
  "annotated": "2026-03-17T16:09:23.442790",
  "revised": "2026-03-17T16:09:23.442790",
  "issued": null,
  "firstIssued": "2026-03-17T16:09:23.442790"
}