{
  "_schema": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/v0.7#",
  "@context": [
    "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-pub-context.jsonld",
    {
      "@base": "ark:/88434/mds2-4118"
    }
  ],
  "@type": [
    "nrdp:DataPublication",
    "nrdp:PublicDataResource",
    "dcat:Dataset"
  ],
  "_extensionSchemas": [
    "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/PublicDataResource"
  ],
  "@id": "ark:/88434/mds2-4118",
  "ediid": "ark:/88434/mds2-4118",
  "version": "1.0.0",
  "doi": "doi:10.18434/mds2-4118",
  "title": "Superconducting Qubit Control Using Cryogenic Frequency Conversion",
  "contactPoint": {
    "fn": "Nathan Flowers-Jacobs",
    "hasEmail": "mailto:nathan.flowers-jacobs@nist.gov"
  },
  "modified": "2026-02-26",
  "status": "available",
  "landingPage": "https://data.nist.gov/od/id/mds2-4118",
  "description": [
    "Dataset for the APL paper \"Superconducting Qubit Control Using Cryogenic Frequency Conversion\".",
    "Abstract:\nExpanding to higher qubit frequencies introduces the challenge of routing > 20 GHz signals into a dilution refrigerator without adding excess thermal load or frequency-dependent loss. In this work, we demonstrate a solution to this problem by using a frequency multiplier to drive the qubit with room-temperature control pulses at half or one third of the qubit frequency fQB. The control pulses are up-converted inside the cryogenic environment using a frequency multiplier based on a high-kinetic inductance nonlinear transmission line. We evaluated the success of the up-conversion technique by comparing the randomized benchmarking error-per-gate metrics to that of a standard direct qubit driving technique. The fQB/2 drive technique achieved error rates consistent with the direct drive, with a minimum error-per-gate of 3.5x10\u22123\u00b10.4x10\u22123. The fQB/3 drive technique resulted in a minimum error per gate of 7.6x10\u22123\u00b10.81x10\u22123. While this demonstration is based around a fQB = 4.836 GHz qubit so that a direct drive comparison is possible, this technique will allow higher-frequency qubits to be tested using existing radio-frequency (RF) infrastructure."
  ],
  "keyword": [
    "Superconductors",
    "kinetic inductance",
    "Frequency conversion."
  ],
  "topic": [
    {
      "@type": "Concept",
      "scheme": "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nist-themes/v1.1",
      "tag": "Electronics: Superconducting electronics"
    }
  ],
  "accessLevel": "public",
  "license": "https://www.nist.gov/open/license",
  "publisher": {
    "name": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
    "@type": "org:Organization"
  },
  "language": [
    "en"
  ],
  "bureauCode": [
    "006:55"
  ],
  "programCode": [
    "006:052"
  ],
  "theme": [
    "Electronics: Superconducting electronics"
  ],
  "components": [
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig5_left.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig5_left.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig5_left.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "title": "fig5_left",
      "size": 2792,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "5debe43076e9875e73612dacd1930dd0d30d55665a72378fd10c96b8e443bed8",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig2.json",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig2.json",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig2.json",
      "mediaType": "application/json",
      "title": "fig2",
      "size": 4637,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "948ff1862dfacdbd5d983277a48540fe2c3874cc1c8fef022d30c2e7fd6e18e4",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig3.json",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig3.json",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig3.json",
      "mediaType": "application/json",
      "title": "fig3",
      "size": 53037,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "2c044d211d5b2f18b0697a9a6fb68eae1b0a992a141f487032e1d6409385a933",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig5_right.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig5_right.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig5_right.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "title": "fig5_right",
      "size": 3470,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "a95628d8121fd5defc0b4b1fc377320dedc58c4be90f0976d6524a5114b8baa3",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig7.json",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig7.json",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig7.json",
      "mediaType": "application/json",
      "title": "fig7",
      "size": 1307,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "0309e093774050242b54eea2f3a5e2ec515f42e089828655dc6234fcb5307327",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig8.json",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig8.json",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig8.json",
      "mediaType": "application/json",
      "title": "fig8",
      "size": 8256100,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "30d5e5d85c807443373d3dc70f37391c73d95c16f9cb239e8c63fea48fcf1da6",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig6_doubler.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig6_doubler.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig6_doubler.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "title": "fig6_doubler",
      "size": 15797,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "639d683bcd07fea789c9db2d5f6e082b93de50aaa465702770836ef784dd3667",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/4118_README.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "4118_README.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/4118_README.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "title": "4118_README",
      "size": 5636,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "7a211c42ece18a5f634cf24418184a7a21cf52a27ee5cfb901eaf2819b923223",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig6_direct_drive.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig6_direct_drive.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig6_direct_drive.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "title": "fig6_direct_drive",
      "size": 15799,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "bce2407304056a2c25e81a39b7e1b1c131f4d2bba1f35b9fef2efa4dd153987c",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    },
    {
      "@id": "cmps/fig6_tripler.txt",
      "@type": [
        "nrdp:DataFile",
        "nrdp:DownloadableFile",
        "dcat:Distribution"
      ],
      "_extensionSchemas": [
        "https://data.nist.gov/od/dm/nerdm-schema/pub/v0.7#/definitions/DataFile"
      ],
      "filepath": "fig6_tripler.txt",
      "downloadURL": "https://data.nist.gov/od/ds/mds2-4118/fig6_tripler.txt",
      "mediaType": "text/plain",
      "format": {
        "description": "The *.txt file data is a csv file with labeled headers. First row is a description, second row is column header with units with a \",\" column delimiter, remaining rows are data with a \",\" column delimiter."
      },
      "description": "Data used in Figure 6 of [1] for the tripled drive case. We plot a measurement of the randomized benchmarking error rate for a pulse width of 20 ns which is calculated from the sequence fidelity (y-axis) as a function of the number of gates (x-axis) for the three different drive techniques along with exponential decay fit lines. See [1] for additional information.",
      "title": "fig6_tripler",
      "size": 15801,
      "checksum": {
        "hash": "02b56d2339b287a7121ad154080b6f10bb6402ae0a9dbc55f45291a099283ca4",
        "algorithm": {
          "tag": "sha256",
          "@type": "Thing"
        }
      }
    }
  ],
  "_editStatus": "done",
  "authors": [
    {
      "familyName": "Giesbrecht",
      "fn": "Grant  Giesbrecht",
      "givenName": "Grant",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        },
        {
          "title": "Department of Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309 USA",
          "@type": "org:Organization"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2885-4801",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Castellanos-Beltran",
      "fn": "Manuel  Castellanos-Beltran",
      "givenName": "Manuel",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0002-6175-9075",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Sirois",
      "fn": "Adam  Sirois",
      "givenName": "Adam",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0003-4421-2817",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Flowers-Jacobs",
      "fn": "Nathan  Flowers-Jacobs",
      "givenName": "Nathan",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0002-9081-5187",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    },
    {
      "familyName": "Dresselhaus",
      "fn": "Paul  Dresselhaus",
      "givenName": "Paul",
      "middleName": "",
      "affiliation": [
        {
          "title": "National Institute of Standards and Technology",
          "@type": "org:Organization",
          "@id": "ror:05xpvk416"
        }
      ],
      "orcid": "0000-0003-2493-0504",
      "@type": "foaf:Person"
    }
  ],
  "annotated": "2026-05-05T13:17:15.685487",
  "revised": "2026-05-05T13:17:15.685487",
  "issued": null,
  "firstIssued": "2026-05-05T13:17:15.685487"
}